{"id":339373,"date":"2017-04-27T01:30:34","date_gmt":"2017-04-26T17:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/techcrunch.com\/?p=1481539"},"modified":"2017-04-27T01:30:34","modified_gmt":"2017-04-26T17:30:34","slug":"a-waymo-filing-leaks-lidar-tech-details-in-uber-lawsuit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/asmawisham\/a-waymo-filing-leaks-lidar-tech-details-in-uber-lawsuit\/","title":{"rendered":"A Waymo filing leaks lidar tech details in Uber lawsuit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"first\">Anthony Levandowski took his seat in a conference room one sunny Friday morning in April and proceeded to read the same phrase from a sheet of paper for the next five hours.<\/p>\n<p id=\"speakable-summary\">\u201cOn the advice and direction of my counsel, I respectfully decline to answer. And I assert the rights guaranteed to me under the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States,\u201d Levandowski said. And then he said it again. And again.<\/p>\n<p>Levandowski, who describes himself as a pioneer in the field of self-driving vehicle technology, had never been deposed before. But his contributions to the driverless car industry, first at Google\u2019s self-driving unit Waymo and later at Uber, have landed him at the center of a contentious legal battle between the two companies. During the April meeting with Waymo\u2019s lawyers, Levandowski was confronted with the details of the technology he created and asked to admit he had stolen it.<\/p>\n<p>Although Levandowski answered no questions except a handful about his time as a UC Berkeley student, the questions themselves reveal certain intricacies of Waymo\u2019s technology \u2014 features that Waymo claims have inexplicably turned up in Uber\u2019s lidar devices.<\/p>\n<p>The lawyers\u2019 questions for Levandowski also show that Waymo and Uber\u2019s arguments focus on\u00a0different components of their respective lidar systems and that, as the preliminary injunction looms, the two companies are still talking past each other about their technology.<\/p>\n<p>Waymo has accused Levandowski of copying tens of thousands of confidential files about its lidar technology and using them to jumpstart Uber\u2019s effort to become the first company to commercialize self-driving vehicles. On May 3, a federal judge will decide whether Waymo\u2019s allegations are convincing enough to temporarily halt Uber\u2019s work \u2014 a move that would devastate Uber\u2019s plan to become profitable.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is an exceptional case. It calls for exceptional relief,\u201d Waymo\u2019s attorney Charles Verhoeven wrote in a filing. \u201cTo this day, Levandowski remains heavily involved in Uber\u2019s LiDAR development. Uber should be enjoined from continuing to use Levandowski in its driverless car program and from continuing to misappropriate and infringe Waymo\u2019s intellectual property.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The case pits Uber\u2019s lidar device, codenamed Fuji and currently under development, against Waymo\u2019s device, the name of which is redacted in court documents and is already <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2017\/04\/25\/waymo-begins-first-public-on-demand-self-driving-service-test-in-arizona\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deployed on the road<\/a>. Not only does the Fuji infringe on its trade secrets, Waymo claims, but Levandowski also developed another infringing device at Uber, codenamed Spider.<\/p>\n<p>(Levandowski habitually named his inventions after mountains. At 510 Systems, his company that was later acquired by Google, a lidar system was named Little Bear, presumably after one of Colorado\u2019s more challenging 14ers. Later versions of Google\u2019s lidar were nicknamed Grizzly Bear 2 and Grizzly Bear 3. It\u2019s not clear if Uber\u2019s Spider and an early version of Tyto\u2019s lidar named Owl followed this convention, but mountains near the Canadian border of Washington bear the names of both creatures.)<\/p>\n<p>Attorneys for Waymo say that Uber tried to keep Spider hidden from the court, while Uber argues that it didn\u2019t mention Spider because it never became fully-fledged technology, amounting to little more than unassembled parts. Waymo learned of Spider\u2019s existence during the deposition of Asheem Linaval, an engineer Levandowski recruited from Google to join him at Uber, and was allowed to inspect the uncompleted device last week.<\/p>\n<p>Although Waymo submitted an eighty-page list detailing the roughly 100 stolen trade secrets to the court, its attorneys quizzed Levandowski on a handful of design details, including its use of fiber laser technology and its specific positioning of diodes on a printed circuit board.<\/p>\n<p>TechCrunch learned the name of Uber\u2019s \u201cSpider,\u201d Tyto\u2019s \u201cOwl\u201d and details about Waymo\u2019s technology from a transcript of Levandowski\u2019s mid-April deposition. Although the information is redacted in the transcript itself, the public filing included an index of all the words in the deposition and the page and line on which they appear. By cross-referencing the redactions with the index, it is possible to decipher most of the redacted information (Waymo has since yanked the public filing from the docket). The names of Spider and Owl were confirmed in an Uber filing late yesterday afternoon.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"inset inset-sm inset-section\">\n<section class=\"aside section video-aside crunchreport collapse collapse-adjacent\" data-video-id=\"58ffc1f48c08e052e1644070\">\n<h2 class=\"collapse-title section-title\">Latest <span>Crunch Report<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"collapse-body cf\">\n<ul class=\"vid-list cf\">\n<li class=\"block vid-feature\" data-lightbox-omniture=\"crunchreport\" readability=\"-2\">\n<div class=\"block block-inset\" readability=\"7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/video\/waymo-opens-public-test-crunch-report\/58ffc1f48c08e052e1644070\/?ncid=rightrail_cr\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.vidible.tv\/prod\/2017-04\/25\/58ffc1f48c08e052e1644070\/58ffc3f9e6604d71fb7cdb54_o_U_v1.jpg?w=300&#038;h=170\" alt=\"Waymo Opens Public Test | Crunch Report\" data-lightbox-url=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/video\/waymo-opens-public-test-crunch-report\/58ffc1f48c08e052e1644070\/lightbox\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><h3>Waymo Opens Public Test | Crunch Report<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/video\/crunchreport\/?ncid=rightrail_crmore\" class=\"text-btn\" data-omni-sm=\"rightrail_crmore\">Watch More Episodes<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/aside>\n<h2>Secretive circuit boards<\/h2>\n<p>The printed circuit boards, or PCBs, are at the heart of Waymo\u2019s lidar systems. <span class=\"attrlink url author-d-iz88z86z86za0dz67zz78zz78zz74zz68zjz80zz71z9iz90z9z84z37lpkk5z73zz80zsz84zz65zz87zz77zz78z67z86zgz87zhz87zwfz88zz70zz68zz78z1\"><a class=\"attrlink\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2017\/02\/12\/wtf-is-lidar\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Lidar functions as the eyes of a self-driving car<\/a><\/span><span class=\" author-d-iz88z86z86za0dz67zz78zz78zz74zz68zjz80zz71z9iz90z9z84z37lpkk5z73zz80zsz84zz65zz87zz77zz78z67z86zgz87zhz87zwfz88zz70zz68zz78z1\">, sending out lasers that bounce off of objects in the car\u2019s environment and ping back, creating a vivid map of the surroundings. The resulting images are beautiful<\/span> <span class=\" author-d-iz88z86z86za0dz67zz78zz78zz74zz68zjz80zz71z9iz90z9z84z37lpkk5z73zz80zsz84zz65zz87zz77zz78z67z86zgz87zhz87zwfz88zz70zz68zz78z1 h-ldquo\">\u201c<\/span><span class=\" author-d-iz88z86z86za0dz67zz78zz78zz74zz68zjz80zz71z9iz90z9z84z37lpkk5z73zz80zsz84zz65zz87zz77zz78z67z86zgz87zhz87zwfz88zz70zz68zz78z1\">pin clouds\u201d that depict nearby cars, obstacles and people.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>These basics of lidar technology are publicly known, but information about Waymo\u2019s printed circuit boards, which make up the transmit and receive blocks that send out and collect the lasers, has not been made public.<\/p>\n<p>During Levandowski\u2019s deposition, Waymo\u2019s attorneys questioned him extensively about the design of circuit boards used in lidar systems at both Waymo and Uber, giving less time to concerns about numbers of lenses and optical cavities. Many questions focused on the positioning and angle of diodes on the circuit boards, hinting that Waymo\u2019s infringement argument might focus on the minute details of the PCBs rather than on the number of lenses and optical cavities of Uber\u2019s lidar device <span class=\" author-d-iz88z86z86za0dz67zz78zz78zz74zz68zjz80zz71z9iz90z9z84z37lpkk5z73zz80zsz84zz65zz87zz77zz78z67z86zgz87zhz87zwfz88zz70zz68zz78z1 h-mdash\">\u2014<\/span> <span class=\"attrlink url author-d-iz88z86z86za0dz67zz78zz78zz74zz68zjz80zz71z9iz90z9z84z37lpkk5z73zz80zsz84zz65zz87zz77zz78z67z86zgz87zhz87zwfz88zz70zz68zz78z1\"><a class=\"attrlink\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2017\/04\/07\/uber-denies-waymo-theft-claims-on-grounds-it-never-used-custom-lidar\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">features Uber said make the Fuji unique<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Other questions in the deposition refer to the positioning and angle of diodes and guide pins on the printed circuit board, and the way some of the diodes jut over\u00a0the edge of the boards.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou used the confidential information you learned at Google to derive the diode spacing shown on the board?\u201d a Waymo attorney asked Levandowski, showing him a diagram of Uber\u2019s circuit board. \u201cUber would not have been able to have developed the spacing on the Fuji board shown on Exhibit 25, without reference to the 14,000 files you downloaded in December 2015; correct?\u201d (The word \u201cspacing\u201d was redacted in the transcript.)<\/p>\n<p>The \u201cconfidential specifications\u201d of every generation of circuit board Waymo has ever created are among the 14,000 documents allegedly taken by Levandowski.<\/p>\n<p>In December 2016, a supplier called Gorilla Circuits mistakenly copied Waymo on an email intended for Uber engineers that contained a drawing of a circuit board used in the Fuji. Although Google already knew Levandowski had downloaded confidential files, the email from Gorilla was the first indication he might be using the files at Uber, Google claims. Waymo says that similarities between its circuit board and Uber\u2019s are what triggered the litigation, and it identified \u201cGorilla\u201d as one of 15 search terms for Uber to prioritize as it scans its servers for Waymo documents.<\/p>\n<p>In a brief filed one week after Levandowski\u2019s deposition, Waymo argued that Levandowski\u2019s monotonous pleading of the Fifth Amendment could be used to infer that he had indeed stolen the trade secrets he was confronted with during the deposition. After all, if he hadn\u2019t stolen them, why wouldn\u2019t he speak up and correct the record?<\/p>\n<p>Because Waymo\u2019s brief names the alleged trade secrets it confronted Levandowski with along with citations noting when each secret was presented to him, it is possible to piece together the names of the secrets with the underlying technology discussed in the deposition. Waymo describes the positioning guide pins on a printed circuit board as Trade Secret 14. (In a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2017\/04\/07\/uber-denies-waymo-theft-claims-on-grounds-it-never-used-custom-lidar\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reply brief<\/a> filed earlier this month, Uber\u00a0huffily dismissed Waymo\u2019s claims about the secrecy of its guide pins, saying the concept is \u201cas simple and as general as a Tinker Toy.\u201d)\u00a0The number of printed circuit boards and the number of diodes on each board are categorized as Trade Secrets 2 and 3. Trade Secret 7 appears to reference the overhang of specific diodes. Trade Secrets 1 and 4 reference the spacing and angle of diodes.<\/p>\n<p>Uber contends that Levandowski had no input in the spacing or angles of diodes on the PCB at Otto. In fact, Uber wrote in its\u00a0filing yesterday that it initially considered Otto as a possible lidar vendor and provided its preferred diode spacing and angles to Otto in order to commission PCBs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMr. Levandowski did not provide the beam spacing or angles for Spider, but instead asked Mr. Boehmke [an engineer hired by Uber from Carnegie Mellon], as the customer, to provide Uber\u2019s desired beam parameters, which were ultimately used as starting requirements for Spider,\u201d Uber\u2019s attorneys wrote.<\/p>\n<p>After Uber announced its acquisition of Otto in August, the company claims Levandowski had no input into \u201cthe number of boards in the transmit block, configuration of the boards in the transmit block, number of laser diodes on each transmit PCB, number of optical cavities, number of channels, beam parameters, positioning of the laser diodes with respect to the edge of the PCB or on bond pads, the use of guide holes, the location and orientation of the laser diodes on the transmit PCBs, the manufacturing or alignment of FAC lenses, or methods of spacing.\u201d<\/p>\n<aside class=\"inset inset-sm inset-section\">\n<div class=\"section aside crunchbase-cluster collapse\">\n<h3 class=\"section-title collapse-title\">Crunchbase<\/h3>\n<div class=\"collapse-body\">\n<ul class=\"crunchbase-accordion\">\n<li class=\"data-card crunchbase-card active\" data-crunchbase-url=\"https:\/\/crunchbase.com\/organization\/uber\/\">\n<h4 class=\"card-title card-acc-handle\"><a class=\"cb-card-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/crunchbase.com\/organization\/uber\/\">Uber<\/a><\/h4>\n<div class=\"card-acc-panel\">\n<ul class=\"card-info\">\n<li><strong class=\"key\">Founded<\/strong> <span class=\"value\">2009<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"cb-card-description full\"><strong class=\"key\">Overview<\/strong> <span class=\"value\">Uber is evolving the way the world moves. By seamlessly connecting riders to drivers through our apps, they make cities more accessible, opening up more possibilities for riders and more business for drivers. From their founding in 2009 to their launches in over 400+ cities today, Uber&#8217;s rapidly expanding global presence continues to bring people and their cities closer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full\"><strong class=\"key\">Location<\/strong> <span class=\"value\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/location\/san-francisco\/528f5e3c90d111115d1c2e4ff979d58e\">San Francisco, CA<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full\"><strong class=\"key\">Categories<\/strong> <span class=\"value\"><a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/public-transportation\/404d4762e5b61721c0456b0556619e73\">Public Transportation<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/mobile-apps\/78f709aed8fbcd28218af090789f628f\">Mobile Apps<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/transportation\/95642ff023e979a3612b50de99f06305\">Transportation<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full\"><strong class=\"key\">Website<\/strong> <span class=\"value\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.uber.com\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.uber.com<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full profile\"><a href=\"https:\/\/crunchbase.com\/organization\/uber\" target=\"_blank\">Full profile for Uber<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"data-card crunchbase-card\" data-crunchbase-url=\"https:\/\/crunchbase.com\/organization\/google-s-self-driving-car-project\/\">\n<h4 class=\"card-title card-acc-handle\"><a class=\"cb-card-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/crunchbase.com\/organization\/google-s-self-driving-car-project\/\">Waymo<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"data-card crunchbase-card\" data-crunchbase-url=\"https:\/\/crunchbase.com\/organization\/google\/\">\n<h4 class=\"card-title card-acc-handle\"><a class=\"cb-card-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/crunchbase.com\/organization\/google\/\">Google<\/a><\/h4>\n<div class=\"card-acc-panel\">\n<ul class=\"card-info\">\n<li><strong class=\"key\">Founded<\/strong> <span class=\"value\">1998<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"cb-card-description full\"><strong class=\"key\">Overview<\/strong> <span class=\"value\">Google is a multinational corporation that is specialized in internet-related services and products. The company\u2019s product portfolio includes Google Search, which provides\u00a0users with access to information online; Knowledge Graph that allows users to search for things, people, or places as well as builds systems recognizing speech and understanding natural language; Google Now, which provides information \u2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full\"><strong class=\"key\">Location<\/strong> <span class=\"value\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/location\/mountain-view\/37bfe551197e02269a805d7bec8a50dd\">Mountain View, CA<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full\"><strong class=\"key\">Categories<\/strong> <span class=\"value\"><a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/search-engine\/0d39287e5b1377a6970274294daded43\">Search Engine<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/blogging-platforms\/1ded70549e6d2ede57adc95e83be0c06\">Blogging Platforms<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/ad-network\/1f69cdca96c475ba97e8caeef5842a3d\">Ad Network<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/collaboration\/217f63af2e8f9978085b262592840759\">Collaboration<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/email\/687e34ef30e2af08a178436d6b53d633\">Email<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/video-streaming\/b1b3b2d785ed2cb1fc603e2b6a3b5ddd\">Video Streaming<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/enterprise-software\/d38b3f26abc46f7bb29db952021a1b14\">Enterprise Software<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/information-technology\/dbca89faf0835438b4add3fdeceb78e7\">Information Technology<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full\"><strong class=\"key\">Website<\/strong> <span class=\"value\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.google.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full profile\"><a href=\"https:\/\/crunchbase.com\/organization\/google\" target=\"_blank\">Full profile for Google<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"data-card crunchbase-card\" data-crunchbase-url=\"https:\/\/crunchbase.com\/organization\/alphabet\/\">\n<h4 class=\"card-title card-acc-handle\"><a class=\"cb-card-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/crunchbase.com\/organization\/alphabet\/\">Alphabet<\/a><\/h4>\n<div class=\"card-acc-panel\">\n<ul class=\"card-info\">\n<li><strong class=\"key\">Founded<\/strong> <span class=\"value\">2015<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"cb-card-description full\"><strong class=\"key\">Overview<\/strong> <span class=\"value\">Alphabet Inc. is the holding company for Google and several Google entities, including Google X, Google Ventures, Google Capital, Calico, and its Life Sciences efforts. On Monday, August 10th, 2015, CEO Larry Page announced the operational restructuring effort for Alphabet Inc. to replace Google Inc. as the official publicly-traded entity. He announced that all shares of Google would automatically \u2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full\"><strong class=\"key\">Location<\/strong> <span class=\"value\"><a href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/location\/mountain-view\/37bfe551197e02269a805d7bec8a50dd\">Mountain View, CA<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full\"><strong class=\"key\">Categories<\/strong> <span class=\"value\"><a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/search-engine\/0d39287e5b1377a6970274294daded43\">Search Engine<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/blogging-platforms\/1ded70549e6d2ede57adc95e83be0c06\">Blogging Platforms<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/biotechnology\/588427287ab95bd1bb67e8e55f6520a0\">Biotechnology<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/email\/687e34ef30e2af08a178436d6b53d633\">Email<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/video-streaming\/b1b3b2d785ed2cb1fc603e2b6a3b5ddd\">Video Streaming<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/software\/c08b5441a05b9777b7a6012728caddd9\">Software<\/a>, <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/crunchbase.com\/category\/information-technology\/dbca89faf0835438b4add3fdeceb78e7\">Information Technology<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full\"><strong class=\"key\">Founders<\/strong> <span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/crunchbase.com\/person\/person\/larry-page\" target=\"_blank\">Larry Page<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full\"><strong class=\"key\">Website<\/strong> <span class=\"value\"><a href=\"https:\/\/abc.xyz\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/abc.xyz\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"full profile\"><a href=\"https:\/\/crunchbase.com\/organization\/alphabet\" target=\"_blank\">Full profile for Alphabet<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p>Basically, Uber claims the similarities between its circuit boards and Waymo\u2019s have nothing to do with Levandowski, saying they were developed by other engineers without his input.<\/p>\n<h2>Fiber saves money<\/h2>\n<p>Another feature that Waymo claims as part of its secret sauce is its use of fiber laser technology, which is referred to as Trade Secret 48. Waymo says that Levandowski downloaded a \u201cspecific presentation\u201d describing the technology before abruptly quitting his job at Google.<\/p>\n<p>In a deposition with Sameer Kshirsagar, another former Googler hired by Uber to work on its driverless cars, Waymo attorneys raised questions about Uber\u2019s use of fiber laser technology. Levandowski insisted on particular levels of ion doping for optical fiber used in lasers, Kshirsagar said.<\/p>\n<p>However, Uber has accused Waymo of over-claiming secrets, noting that some of the technologies it has claimed as secret in-house developments are actually common knowledge in the lidar industry \u2014 and the use of fiber laser technology in lidar is already well-known.<\/p>\n<p>In a <span class=\"attrlink url author-d-iz88z86z86za0dz67zz78zz78zz74zz68zjz80zz71z9iz90z9z84z37lpkk5z73zz80zsz84zz65zz87zz77zz78z67z86zgz87zhz87zwfz88zz70zz68zz78z1\"><a class=\"attrlink\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/esto.nasa.gov\/files\/Lidar_TechStrategy_%202016.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">paper<\/a><\/span> <span class=\" author-d-iz88z86z86za0dz67zz78zz78zz74zz68zjz80zz71z9iz90z9z84z37lpkk5z73zz80zsz84zz65zz87zz77zz78z67z86zgz87zhz87zwfz88zz70zz68zz78z1\">published last year by NASA\u2019s Earth Science Technology Office, engineers noted that the adoption of fiber lasers in lidar had the potential to revolutionize the industry.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u201cAn especially important consequence of laser technology development over the past decade is that fiber-laser average power capability now rivals that of traditional bulk solid-state systems, which is a distinct advantage,\u201d the NASA team wrote. The new fiber systems are compact, an important advantage for driverless cars <span class=\" author-d-iz88z86z86za0dz67zz78zz78zz74zz68zjz80zz71z9iz90z9z84z37lpkk5z73zz80zsz84zz65zz87zz77zz78z67z86zgz87zhz87zwfz88zz70zz68zz78z1 h-mdash\">\u2014<\/span> <span class=\" author-d-iz88z86z86za0dz67zz78zz78zz74zz68zjz80zz71z9iz90z9z84z37lpkk5z73zz80zsz84zz65zz87zz77zz78z67z86zgz87zhz87zwfz88zz70zz68zz78z1\">older lidar systems are big, bulky and too expensive for the consumer market. Fiber systems also have the advantage of being \u201cimmune to misalignment.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Cutting the size and cost of lidar systems is crucial for the development of self-driving cars. A lidar system from Velodyne, a leading manufacturer, can cost $75,000 \u2014 an unrealistic price tag for a consumer who\u2019s already spending thousands of dollars on a car. That\u2019s why Waymo has focused on reducing the size and price of its lidar system, reportedly cutting costs by as much as <span class=\"attrlink url author-d-iz88z86z86za0dz67zz78zz78zz74zz68zjz80zz71z9iz90z9z84z37lpkk5z73zz80zsz84zz65zz87zz77zz78z67z86zgz87zhz87zwfz88zz70zz68zz78z1\"><a class=\"attrlink\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2017-01-08\/alphabet-s-waymo-cuts-cost-of-key-self-driving-sensor-by-90\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">90 percent<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>One shrinking measure that\u2019s been a focal point of the case so far is Waymo\u2019s reduction to a single lens for transmitting and receiving the laser beams. In contrast, Uber maintains that its Fuji is a multi-lens system. It\u2019s not yet clear whether Waymo\u2019s innovations on circuit boards and fiber laser technology helped it achieve its cost-cutting objectives \u2014 but it is clear that Waymo is willing to spend millions defending them.<\/p>\n<h2>Injunction<\/h2>\n<p>In one week, U.S. District Judge William Alsup will decide whether or not to pump the brakes on Uber\u2019s self-driving program and Levandowski\u2019s career. Lawyers for Waymo\u00a0have spent the past month trying to convince Alsup that Uber\u2019s technology is a ripoff of its own, while Uber\u2019s legal team argues that its technology is unique, developed without significant input from Levandowski or his trove of documents, and that its work should be allowed to continue.<\/p>\n<p>So far, Uber seems to be losing the fight. During an April 5 hearing, Alsup noted that he\u2019d never seen a record as convincing as the one Waymo\u2019s presented in 42 years.<\/p>\n<p><em>Additional reporting by Darrell Etherington.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><small>Featured Image: Bryce Durbin\/TechCrunch<\/small> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"680\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/tctechcrunch2011.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/04\/waymo-uber-lidar.jpg?w=680\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tctechcrunch2011.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/04\/waymo-uber-lidar.jpg?w=680 680w, https:\/\/tctechcrunch2011.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/04\/waymo-uber-lidar.jpg?w=1360 1360w, https:\/\/tctechcrunch2011.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/04\/waymo-uber-lidar.jpg?w=150 150w, https:\/\/tctechcrunch2011.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/04\/waymo-uber-lidar.jpg?w=300 300w, https:\/\/tctechcrunch2011.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/04\/waymo-uber-lidar.jpg?w=768 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/>&nbsp;&#8220;On the advice and direction of my counsel, I respectfully decline to answer. And I assert the rights guaranteed to me under the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States,&#8221; Levandowski said. And then he said it again. And again.<br \/>\nLevandowski, who describes himself as a pioneer in the field of self-driving vehicle technology, had never been deposed before. But his&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2017\/04\/26\/a-waymo-filing-leaks-lidar-tech-details-in-uber-lawsuit\/?ncid=rss\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"feedflare\">\n<a href=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~ff\/Techcrunch?a=_YcIWUU2JXQ:3LimYTKONs0:2mJPEYqXBVI\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~ff\/Techcrunch?d=2mJPEYqXBVI\" border=\"0\"><\/img><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~ff\/Techcrunch?a=_YcIWUU2JXQ:3LimYTKONs0:7Q72WNTAKBA\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~ff\/Techcrunch?d=7Q72WNTAKBA\" border=\"0\"><\/img><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~ff\/Techcrunch?a=_YcIWUU2JXQ:3LimYTKONs0:yIl2AUoC8zA\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~ff\/Techcrunch?d=yIl2AUoC8zA\" border=\"0\"><\/img><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~ff\/Techcrunch?a=_YcIWUU2JXQ:3LimYTKONs0:-BTjWOF_DHI\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~ff\/Techcrunch?i=_YcIWUU2JXQ:3LimYTKONs0:-BTjWOF_DHI\" border=\"0\"><\/img><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~ff\/Techcrunch?a=_YcIWUU2JXQ:3LimYTKONs0:D7DqB2pKExk\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~ff\/Techcrunch?i=_YcIWUU2JXQ:3LimYTKONs0:D7DqB2pKExk\" border=\"0\"><\/img><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~ff\/Techcrunch?a=_YcIWUU2JXQ:3LimYTKONs0:qj6IDK7rITs\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~ff\/Techcrunch?d=qj6IDK7rITs\" border=\"0\"><\/img><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~r\/Techcrunch\/~4\/_YcIWUU2JXQ\" height=\"1\" width=\"1\" alt=\"\"\/> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5817,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[59,66,26],"class_list":["post-339373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technology","tag-media","tag-techcrunch","tag-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/asmawisham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/asmawisham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/asmawisham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/asmawisham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5817"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/asmawisham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=339373"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/asmawisham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339373\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/asmawisham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=339373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/asmawisham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=339373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/asmawisham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=339373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}