{"id":8805,"date":"2026-04-02T11:16:57","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T03:16:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/?p=8805"},"modified":"2026-04-08T09:59:33","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T01:59:33","slug":"erikson-psychosocial-stages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/erikson-psychosocial-stages\/","title":{"rendered":"Erikson: Psychosocial Stages"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Erikson viewed development as a series of <strong>crises<\/strong> that must be resolved. Each stage centers on a social struggle that impacts personality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/743\/2026\/04\/image-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/743\/2026\/04\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8806\" srcset=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/743\/2026\/04\/image-3.png 1024w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/743\/2026\/04\/image-3-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/743\/2026\/04\/image-3-768x419.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy &#8211; 0 to 1.5 years old):<\/strong> Is the world a safe place?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Core issue:<\/strong> Can I trust the world?<br><strong>Key factor:<\/strong> Consistent caregiving<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Positive outcome:<\/strong> Trust, sense of safety<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Negative outcome:<\/strong> Fear, suspicion<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Phase where it serves as the foundation of <strong>attachment and emotional security<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stage 2: <strong>Autonomy vs. Shame\/Doubt (Toddlerhood &#8211; 1.5 to 3 years old):<\/strong> Can I do things myself?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Core issue:<\/strong> Can I do things on my own?  [Example: Eating with utensils such as fork and spoon without help]<br><strong>Key factor:<\/strong> Encouragement vs. overcontrol<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Positive:<\/strong> Independence, confidence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Negative:<\/strong> Shame, self-doubt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This phase is linked to early <strong>self-control and decision-making<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stage 3: <strong>Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool &#8211; 3 to 5 or 6 years old):<\/strong> Am I good or bad at planning tasks?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Core issue:<\/strong> Is it okay to take initiative?<br><strong>Key factor:<\/strong> Support for exploration<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Positive:<\/strong> Initiative, leadership<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Negative:<\/strong> Guilt, fear of trying<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This phase is important for development of <strong>creativity and goal-directed behavior<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stage 4: <strong>Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age &#8211; 7 to 12 years old ):<\/strong> How do I compare to my peers?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Core issue:<\/strong> Am I competent?<br><strong>Key factor:<\/strong> School and achievement<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Positive:<\/strong> Competence, productivity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Negative:<\/strong> Inferiority, low confidence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This phase has a strong connection to <strong>academic self-efficac<\/strong>y<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stage 5: <strong>Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence &#8211; 13 to 17 years old):<\/strong> Who am I?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Core issue:<\/strong> Who am I?<br><strong>Key factor:<\/strong> Exploration of roles, values<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Positive:<\/strong> Strong identity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Negative:<\/strong> Confusion, instability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This is a central stage in <strong>personality development and life direction<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adulthood &#8211; 19 &#8211; 40 years old)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Core issue:<\/strong> Can I form meaningful relationships?<br><strong>Key factor:<\/strong> Emotional openness<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Positive:<\/strong> Intimacy, strong relationships<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Negative:<\/strong> Loneliness, isolation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle adulthood &#8211; 40 to 65 years old)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Core issue:<\/strong> Am I contributing to society?<br><strong>Key factor:<\/strong> Productivity, care for others<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Positive:<\/strong> Generativity (giving back)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Negative:<\/strong> Stagnation, lack of purpose<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair (Late adulthood &#8211; 65 years old onwards)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Core issue:<\/strong> Was my life meaningful?<br><strong>Key factor:<\/strong> Life reflection<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Positive:<\/strong> Wisdom, fulfillment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Negative:<\/strong> Regret, despair<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/743\/2026\/04\/image-4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/743\/2026\/04\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/743\/2026\/04\/image-4.png 900w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/743\/2026\/04\/image-4-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/743\/2026\/04\/image-4-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Erikson viewed development as a series of crises that must be resolved. Each stage centers on a social struggle that impacts personality. Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy &#8211; 0 to 1.5 years old): Is the world a safe place? Core issue: Can I trust the world?Key factor: Consistent caregiving Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame\/Doubt &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/erikson-psychosocial-stages\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Erikson: Psychosocial Stages<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":851,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-educational-psychology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/851"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8805"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8832,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8805\/revisions\/8832"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/hadijahjaffri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}