{"id":2098,"date":"2016-01-14T08:57:59","date_gmt":"2016-01-14T00:57:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/?p=2098"},"modified":"2016-01-14T08:57:59","modified_gmt":"2016-01-14T00:57:59","slug":"ev-dc-fast-charging-standards","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/ev-dc-fast-charging-standards\/","title":{"rendered":"EV DC Fast Charging standards"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>by\u00a0<span class=\"author vcard\"> <a class=\"url fn n\" title=\"View all posts by David Herron\" href=\"http:\/\/longtailpipe.com\/author\/webmaster\/\">David Herron<\/a><\/span><span class=\"onDate date updated\"><i class=\"icon-time icon-metas\" title=\"Date\"><\/i> <a href=\"http:\/\/longtailpipe.com\/ebooks\/green-transportation-guide-buying-owning-charging-plug-in-vehicles-of-all-kinds\/electric-car-charging-advice-systems\/ev-dc-fast-charging-standards-chademo-ccs-sae-combo-tesla-supercharger-etc\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">August 11, 2015<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article can be found\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/longtailpipe.com\/ebooks\/green-transportation-guide-buying-owning-charging-plug-in-vehicles-of-all-kinds\/electric-car-charging-advice-systems\/ev-dc-fast-charging-standards-chademo-ccs-sae-combo-tesla-supercharger-etc\/\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Fast Charging makes electric cars more useful because of the\u00a0reassurance drivers get knowing they can quickly recharge, and the faster effective trip speed. \u00a0\u00a0It seems that car owners with fast-charge capable cars, with enough fast charging stations around them, feel capable of taking longer trips.<\/p>\n<p>While fast charging is\u00a0often unnecessary , because the optimum charging rate\u00a0varies\u00a0depending on the usage scenario the driver currently faces, it sure is convenient that fast charging stations give an almost complete recharge in under an hour. \u00a0Unlike cars with 6 kiloWatt level 2 charging systems (20-25 miles of range per hour of charging), fast charging\u2019s faster charge rate (50 kiloWatts or more) can supply 100 or more miles of range per hour of charging. \u00a0A significant fast charging network available should make electric cars more attractive than otherwise, and lead to higher adoption rates.<\/p>\n<p>In some cases it means electric car drivers can take real road trips \u2014\u00a0blowing up one of the negative electric car stereotypes. \u00a0 (like\u00a0being be limited to driving a short distance from your home)<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, while fast charging electric cars were available in 2011 (Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi i-MiEV), CHAdeMO charging infrastructure didn\u2019t grow very fast. \u00a0Some automakers lobbied against CHAdeMO deployment because it wasn\u2019t an SAE-blessed standard. \u00a0Instead the CHAdeMO was standard co-developed by TEPCO and the Japanese automakers. \u00a0Instead of adopting CHAdeMO, the SAE developed their own fast charging standard (Combo Charging System), Tesla Motors developed a proprietary fast charging system (Supercharger), and the Chinese developed a different fast charging standard.<\/p>\n<p>The resulting effects were that<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fast charging adoption happened more slowly that it might have<\/li>\n<li>Perhaps, Electric car adoption was delayed because of slow fast charging infrastructure build-out<\/li>\n<li>As of 2015 there are three (or four) fast charging standards in various stages of adoption,\u00a0causing a certain amount of pain to electric car drivers \u2013 we can\u2019t just go to the closest fast charge station, we have to find the one that\u2019s compatible with our car<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>What we have in 2015 is a multi-way electric car fast charging standards battle. \u00a0Consumers are caught in the middle not knowing which fast charging standard to support, not knowing enough to know how to choose between them. \u00a0 Fortunately some of the automakers appear to be acting to soften the pain of incompatible fast charging standards by deploying multi-protocol fast charging stations.<\/p>\n<p>What we deserve\u00a0is ubiquitous\u00a0fast charging stations with a unified fast charging protocol. \u00a0Our gasoline powered brethren have a unified standard for gasoline pump nozzles, we deserve the same for fast charging.<\/p>\n<p>With\u00a0multiple competing fast charging standards adapters would be a useful product, to\u00a0enable fast charging from an otherwise incompatible charging station. \u00a0While Tesla Motors is selling a CHAdeMO-to-Tesla adapter, it seems such adapters might have limited popularity due to expense and deployment of\u00a0dual-protocol charging stations.<\/p>\n<h2>Charging Level &amp; Effective Trip Speed<\/h2>\n<p>Before we get into the fast charging standards, let\u2019s do a small review of why this is important and some terminology.<\/p>\n<p>DC Fast Charging is the fastest (highest powered) electric car charging system currently available. \u00a0The charging station provides a high power DC current, as much as 120 kiloWatts, to the car\u2019s battery pack bypassing any other charging equipment in the car.<\/p>\n<p>Some people call this \u201cLevel 3\u201d because the normal-speed charging generally used (240 volt AC at about 30 amps) is popularly called \u201cLevel 2\u201d. \u00a0Both names are incorrect.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/files\/2016\/01\/SAE-EV-Charging-Levels.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2099\" src=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/files\/2016\/01\/SAE-EV-Charging-Levels-300x227.jpg\" alt=\"SAE-EV-Charging-Levels\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/617\/2016\/01\/SAE-EV-Charging-Levels-300x227.jpg 300w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/617\/2016\/01\/SAE-EV-Charging-Levels.jpg 760w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s popularly called \u201cLevel 2\u201d is actually called \u201cAC Level 2\u201d and covers single phase AC charging at up to 20 kiloWatts in power. \u00a0In practice the highest rate currently supported by electric cars is about 10 kiloWatts, but the public charging network generally only supports 6 kiloWatts.<\/p>\n<p>The DC Fast Charging we\u2019re talking about is not \u201cLevel 3\u201d but \u201cDC Level 2\u201d at power rates up to about 90 kiloWatts.<\/p>\n<p>Where this becomes important is the recharge times noted in the chart. \u00a0The higher the charging power, the more quickly the car can be recharged. \u00a0Put another way, high power charging makes for a faster effective trip speed \u2013 because you gain more hours of range per hour of charging. \u00a0See\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/longtailpipe.com\/ebooks\/green-transportation-guide-buying-owning-charging-plug-in-vehicles-of-all-kinds\/gasoline-electricity-and-the-energy-to-move-transportation-systems\/electric-car-charging-rates-how-fast-how-slow-what-we-need-and-why\/\">Electric car charging rates, how fast, how slow, what we need, and why<\/a> for more information.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>6 kiloWatts: 20-25 miles range per hour of charging (typical AC Level 2)<\/li>\n<li>50 kiloWatts: 120ish miles range per hour of charging \u00a0(CHAdeMO, CCS)<\/li>\n<li>120 kiloWatts: 300ish miles range per hour of charging (Tesla Supercharger)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Taking a road trip with an electric car would be much more pleasant with 300+ miles range per hour of charging than 20 miles of range.<\/p>\n<h2>DC Fast charging standards \u2013 CHAdeMO, CCS, Supercharger, China<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/files\/2016\/01\/iec-fast-charging-all-stanards.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2100\" src=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/files\/2016\/01\/iec-fast-charging-all-stanards-300x139.jpg\" alt=\"iec-fast-charging-all-stanards\" width=\"300\" height=\"139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/617\/2016\/01\/iec-fast-charging-all-stanards-300x139.jpg 300w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/617\/2016\/01\/iec-fast-charging-all-stanards.jpg 553w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>There are four or so DC Fast Charging systems currently being used by electric car manufacturers. \u00a0The picture shown here has four different connectors without even accounting for the Tesla Supercharger because there are two variants of the ComboChargingSystem charging socket.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>At the current moment the leading car for each type is:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CHAdeMO \u2013 Nissan Leaf<\/li>\n<li>CCS \u2013 BMW i3<\/li>\n<li>Supercharger \u2013 Tesla Model S<\/li>\n<li>China GB\/T \u2013 ?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Let\u2019s take a look at each.<\/p>\n<h3>CHAdeMO \u2013 (Nissan, Mitsubishi, Kia)<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/files\/2016\/01\/2011_nissan_leaf_n_42-web.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2101\" src=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/files\/2016\/01\/2011_nissan_leaf_n_42-web-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"2011_nissan_leaf_n_42-web\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/617\/2016\/01\/2011_nissan_leaf_n_42-web-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/617\/2016\/01\/2011_nissan_leaf_n_42-web.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/files\/2016\/01\/CHAdeMO_Plug_VacavilleDavisStDC2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2102\" src=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/files\/2016\/01\/CHAdeMO_Plug_VacavilleDavisStDC2-300x226.jpg\" alt=\"CHAdeMO_Plug_VacavilleDavisStDC2\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/617\/2016\/01\/CHAdeMO_Plug_VacavilleDavisStDC2-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/617\/2016\/01\/CHAdeMO_Plug_VacavilleDavisStDC2.jpg 570w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>CHAdeMO Plug \u2013 Source:<span class=\"skimlinks-unlinked\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CHAdeMO_Plug_VacavilleDavisStDC2.jpg<\/span><\/p>\n<p>CHAdeMO is the trade name of a quick charging method for battery electric vehicles delivering up to 62.5 kW of high-voltage direct current via a special electrical connector. It is proposed as a global industry standard by an association of the same name.<\/p>\n<p>It was defined by the CHAdeMO Association \u2013 <strong>Purpose\/focus<\/strong> CHAdeMO Association aims to increase quick-charger installations worldwide and to standardize how to charge the vehicles. \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/chademo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"skimlinks-unlinked\">http:\/\/chademo.com<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"extlink-icon\" src=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/s2\/favicons?domain=chademo.com\" alt=\"\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"extlink-icon\" src=\"http:\/\/longtailpipe.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/external-links-nofollow-open-in-new-tab-favicon\/images\/extlink.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a> \u2013 CHAdeMO was formed by The Tokyo Electric Power Company, Nissan, Mitsubishi and Fuji Heavy Industries (the manufacturer of Subaru vehicles). Toyota later joined as its fifth executive member. CHAdeMO is an abbreviation of \u201cCHArge de MOve\u201d, equivalent to \u201ccharge for moving\u201d. The name is a pun for \u201c<em>O cha demo ikaga desuka<\/em>\u201d in Japanese, translating to English as \u201cHow about some tea?\u201d, referring to the time it would take to charge a car.<\/p>\n<p>CHAdeMO is a form of DC Fast Charge, for high-voltage (up to 500 VDC) high-current (125 A) automotive fast charging via a JARI DC fast charge connector. The connector is specified by the JEVS (Japan Electric Vehicle Standard) G105-1993 from the Japan Automobile Research Institute. The connector includes two large pins for DC power, plus other pins to carry CAN-BUS connections.<\/p>\n<p>Because CHAdeMO ports do not support AC charging, cars must have two charging ports \u2013 one for AC Level 2, the other for CHAdeMO.<\/p>\n<h3>AE Combo Charging System (CCS) \u2013 (BMW, GM, VW, and other carmakers)<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/files\/2016\/01\/050312-CombinedChargingSystem-web11.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2104\" src=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/files\/2016\/01\/050312-CombinedChargingSystem-web11-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"050312-CombinedChargingSystem-web1\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/617\/2016\/01\/050312-CombinedChargingSystem-web11-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/617\/2016\/01\/050312-CombinedChargingSystem-web11.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/files\/2016\/01\/P7280018-620.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2105\" src=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/files\/2016\/01\/P7280018-620-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"P7280018-620\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/617\/2016\/01\/P7280018-620-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/617\/2016\/01\/P7280018-620.jpg 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>When tasked with developing a fast charging system, the SAE J1772 committee basically took the existing J1772 plug and added on two large pins for high power DC. \u00a0The upper part is the ordinary J1772 plug used in the USA, and the lower portion are the two DC power pins.<\/p>\n<p>Among the reasons the J1772 committee developed CCS\u00a0are<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Single charging inlet to support slow and fast charging (versus two required for CHAdeMO)<\/li>\n<li>Use smart grid protocols to control charging<\/li>\n<li>Same\u00a0connector serves multiple purposes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The first point allows car makers\u00a0more design freedom by requiring only a single hole in the skin of the car (or, a smaller hole) for recharging. \u00a0The charging cord is also lighter weight than the CHAdeMO, and easier to use.<\/p>\n<p>The second point \u2013 see the image above labeled \u201cIEC DC Charging Systems\u201d \u2013 has to do with the control protocol between the car and the charging station. \u00a0We\u2019ll discuss this below, but CCS uses PLC for that communication, whereas CHAdeMO uses CAN. \u00a0CAN is a data protocol used between components inside cars, while PLC is part of the smart grid protocols.<\/p>\n<h3>Tesla Supercharger<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The Tesla mobile charging unit comes with adapters for every kind of power outlet, from 120 volt 12 amp (NEMA 5-20), through to 240 volt 50 amp (NEMA 14-50).<\/li>\n<li>Via an adapter, it can connect to J1772 charging stations<\/li>\n<li>At a Supercharger station (pictured above) it can receive DC fast charging at up to a 120 kiloWatt rate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It means a Tesla Model S or Model X owner can get rapid charging in a wide range of situations.<\/p>\n<p>Tesla Motors also sells an add-on adapter allowing a Model S\/X owner to recharge at a CHAdeMO station. \u00a0Tesla Motors does not sell any kind of adapter allowing owners of CHAdeMO or CCS cars to recharge at a Supercharger station, however.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by\u00a0 David Herron August 11, 2015 This article can be found\u00a0here Fast Charging makes electric cars more useful because of the\u00a0reassurance drivers get knowing they can quickly recharge, and the faster effective trip speed. \u00a0\u00a0It seems that car owners with fast-charge capable cars, with enough fast charging stations around them, feel capable of taking longer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6477,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6477"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2098"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2098\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2098"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2098"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/haslinasarkan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}