{"id":1023,"date":"2013-02-25T23:28:01","date_gmt":"2013-02-25T15:28:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/people.utm.my\/mfadhil\/?page_id=1023"},"modified":"2016-05-18T20:56:32","modified_gmt":"2016-05-18T12:56:32","slug":"alternative-energy-and-bioremediation-project","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/mfadhil\/alternative-energy-and-bioremediation-project\/","title":{"rendered":"Application of water Hyacinth as multi-functional plant (Bio-ethanol, bio-briquette and Bio-remediation Projects)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"IMG_8886\"<\/a>\"IMG_8924\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The project is aiming to implement a low cost efficient treatment for the existing domestic treatment plant as ponding system. Moreover, this project aims further cooperation between Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Jabatan Perkhidmatan Pembetungan (JPP) under the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, to ensure success implementation of this project. Major concerns have been attained from the existing domestic\/municipal wastewater treatment which consistently fails to meet environmental standard. The main problem arises from the inefficient biological processes which occur in natural system, since many ponding systems do not have further mechanical process to improve the treatment and most of the ponding system is reluctant to maintain and service regularly due to their insignificant discharge quality thus proving unsuitable for future applications. In order to overcome these problems, a culture of aquatic plant is proposed to the selected location of ponding system. The proposal is to introduce a low cost efficient biomass cultivation system within the waste water containing pond followed by biomass harvesting for the development of bio-energy in the form of bio-briquette and bio-ethanol. Thus the present proposal will provide full proof biotechnological processes for efficient and effective utilization of a cost effective, renewable and biodegradation resource-water hyacinth<\/strong> and thereby pilot scale facility will be developed as an advancement of the technology obtained. The process development will help in minimizing the current fuel demand and import potential bio-energy product to expiate the needs of the current market.<\/p>\n

\"IMG_8663\"<\/a>\"IMG_8674\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The project shall utilize all wastewater pond cells with 80 \u2013 90 percent allowance of effectiveness space in each cell. The space is needed to ensure that the culture system operate efficiently and is easy to harvest biomass during the peak period. The proposed technique will emphasize a concept of \u201cfabricate and install\u201d as to reduce the capital cost required including the harvesting method. Each cell will be proposed as a culture unit and the final wastewater pond cell will serve as a channel of discharge to maintain the growth of aquatic plants.<\/p>\n

\"IMG_8840\"<\/a>\"IMG_8849\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Water hyacinth is invasive aquatic and abundant plant which has the ability to absorb nutrition from wastewater and is reported to be a good candidate for producing substitute fuel likes bio-ethanol because it contains high percentage of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Interestingly, water hyacinth is low in lignin content (10%), high in cellulose (25%) and hemicelluloses content (35%), these show the promises of converting fermentable sugar present in it to be converted into bio-ethanol which can be achieved during fermentation process. Ethanol from water hyacinth is also an attractive sustainable energy fuel source for cheaper and cleaner environment compared to conventional petroleum. As an alternative to this \u201ctraditional\u201d diesel fuel, bio-ethanol is expected to yield significant energy security and unlimited energy resource.<\/span> Literature review shows that energy ratio produced by bio-ethanol is 70% more pure than gasoline. Dried water hyacinth biomass can also serve as fire burner (briquette-biomass) with the target to replace the existing charcoal material used at power plant for generating electricity. The biomass can be converted to solid form and the burning of this dried biomass could alter the polluted gas generated by conventional method and reduce the pricey of using charcoal material. As a conclusion, water hyacinth is the expected potential energy that is suitable for future resource and to solve global environmental issues.<\/p>\n

\"20120602_125438\"<\/a>\"20120602_125442\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Concept of Development (Bio-Briquetting and Bioethanol Fermentation)<\/b><\/p>\n

A selected open ponding system or properly known as stabilization pond of domestic wastewater will be used for water hyacinth biomass cultivation. The growth of water hyacinth will entirely depend on the organic removal efficiency and nutrient present in the waste water medium. The selected local tropical species will be implemented at various operational and environmental conditions for optimization such as loading rate, growth period and detention time (or cultivation period).<\/p>\n

Fresh water hyacinth (WH) with long stem will be collected, thoroughly washed to remove adhering dirt, chopped into small pieces (~1-2 cm), blended to small particles (~3-5 mm) and finally dried in solar drier or hot air oven at 105 \u00b0C for 6 hours. The dried material will be stored at room temperature until further used for firewood (briquette-biomass) and fermentation (bio-ethanol) production.<\/p>\n

The bio-briquette will be produced with the help of briquetting machine with optimizing parameters like temperature, moisture, coal blending concentration, compression strength and the produced bio-briquettes were\u00a0studied for green house gas emissions, calorific value, etc. \u00a0The bio-ethanol production was\u00a0carried out by hydrolyzing the pretreated biomass with the commercially available enzymes- cellulase, lignin peroxidase and xylanase. The lingo-cellulolytic method of ethanol production from water hyacinth performed by two different methods a) separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) method ) simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) method. For SHF experiment, saccharification conditions will be carried out with different solid and enzyme loadings for 48 h at 50-70o<\/sup>C, 150 rpm in an orbital shaker. The sample was\u00a0withdrawn at 0, 6, 24, and 48h respectively. All the flasks inoculated with 1 ml of 12-18 h grown starter culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/i> and the same incubated for an additional 96 h at 30o<\/sup>C, 150 rpm in an orbital shaker. The samples were removed at 0, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96h during fermentation and estimated for bio-ethanol production. For SSF experiments, saccharification and fermentation conditions was\u00a0carried out simultaneously for different solid and enzyme loadings for 144h at 37o<\/sup>C, 150 rpm in an orbital shaker. An inoculum (1 ml) of a 12-18 h culture of Saccharomyces\u00a0<\/i>cerevisiae<\/i> as starter culture was\u00a0used for this study as similar to SHF method. The obtained ethanol will be evaluated using gas chromatography (GC) and the sugar characterization was\u00a0carried\u00a0out by\u00a0high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).<\/p>\n

\"DSC08546\"<\/a>\"DSC08953\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bio-Briquette<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"IMG_8856\"<\/a>\"IMG_8878\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bioethanol<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[PLEASE CONTACT FOR FURTHER INFO]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The project is aiming to implement a low cost efficient treatment for the existing domestic treatment plant as ponding system. Moreover, this project aims further cooperation between Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Jabatan Perkhidmatan Pembetungan (JPP) under the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, to ensure success implementation of this project. Major concerns have been […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":124,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1023","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/mfadhil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1023","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/mfadhil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/mfadhil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/mfadhil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/124"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/mfadhil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1023"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/mfadhil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1023\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/mfadhil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}