{"id":214,"date":"2021-12-07T09:46:47","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T09:46:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/?p=214"},"modified":"2021-12-08T02:13:10","modified_gmt":"2021-12-08T02:13:10","slug":"3d-radar-rainfall","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/2021\/12\/07\/3d-radar-rainfall\/","title":{"rendered":"The 3D Neural Network for improving Radar-Rainfall Estimation in Monsoon Climate"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumbs.gfycat.com\/BlushingJubilantImperialeagle-size_restricted.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"435\" height=\"333\" \/><figcaption><em>The reflectivity (Z)-rain rate (R) model has not been tested on single polarization radar for estimating monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia, despite its widespread use for estimating heterogeneous rainfall.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The artificial neural network (ANN) regression has been applied to the radar reflectivity data to estimate monsoon rainfall using parametric Z-R models. The 10-min reflectivity data recorded in Kota Bahru radar station (in Malaysia) and hourly rain record in nearby 58 gauge stations during 2013\u20132015 were used.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/files\/2021\/12\/Study_Area_Hani-1024x777.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-394\" width=\"210\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/Study_Area_Hani-1024x777.png 1024w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/Study_Area_Hani-300x228.png 300w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/Study_Area_Hani-768x583.png 768w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/Study_Area_Hani-1536x1166.png 1536w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/Study_Area_Hani.png 1848w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\" \/><figcaption><em>Kota Bahru, Kelantan<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/files\/2021\/12\/3D_Hani.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-392\" width=\"251\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/3D_Hani.png 1025w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/3D_Hani-300x247.png 300w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/3D_Hani-768x633.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The three-dimensional nearest neighbor interpolation with altitude correction was applied for pixel matching. The non-linear Levenberg Marquardt (LM) regression, integrated with ANN regression minimized the spatiotemporal variability of the proposed Z-R model.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3D NN model is independent to the complexity of radar coefficients (alpha &amp; beta) thus minimizing the geometric bias. Highest rain = 3 mm\/h &amp; Low rain = 0.3 mm\/h (accuracy). Massive flood episode in Kelantan (2014), 91-hour continuous downpour and ~20 mm\/h (highest) measured by weather radar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"555\" src=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/files\/2021\/12\/PPI_Hani-1024x555.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/PPI_Hani-1024x555.png 1024w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/PPI_Hani-300x163.png 300w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/PPI_Hani-768x416.png 768w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/PPI_Hani-1536x832.png 1536w, https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2442\/2021\/12\/PPI_Hani-2048x1110.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption><em>CAPPI Radar showing the rainfall intensity.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":18923,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18923"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=214"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":404,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214\/revisions\/404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.utm.my\/nadzri\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}