Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Streptomycin Antibiotic Loaded Organo-Kaolinite
Wan Nur Aryantie1, Nor Suriani Sani2, Muhammad Zulhilmi Amir Awaluddin1, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek1,3*
1Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering (FBME), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia
2Office of Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia
3 Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia
*Corresponding Author. Email address: niknizam@fbb.utm.my
Abstract
Antibiotics are medicines used against bacterial infection. In spite of its significant to kill bacteria, it also showed problem with antibiotics resistance that makes it less effective to kill bacteria. Therefore, an improvement for antibacterial agent is needed to inhibit bacteria growth and infections. Organo-kaolinite was selected in this study to act as a carrier system to improve antibacterial agent immobilization and increase the effectiveness of antibiotics activity in inhibiting bacterial growth. Organo-kaolinite was prepared using cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium (HDTMA) and it was adsorbed with different concentrations of streptomycin. The organo-kaolinite and streptomycin-organo-kaolinite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dispersion behaviour. The characterization results showed that the attachment of cationic surfactant molecules and the adsorption of streptomycin on kaolinite surfaces did not affect the structure and the original morphology of the kaolinite. The antibacterial assay of the samples was carried out against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 11229) and Gram positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) through disk diffusion technique (DDT) and analysis of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Based on the antibacterial assay results, streptomycin-organo-kaolinite showed better antibacterial activity compared to organo-kaolinite and it performed well in both distilled water and 0.9% saline solution. This study revealed that the adsorption of streptomycin on organo-kaolinite showed a great effect on killing bacteria and significantly increased its antibacterial activity compared to organo-kaolinite. For the conclusion, the antibacterial activity of modified kaolinite with surfactant and then streptomycin can be an effective antibacterial agent to inhibit the growth of wide spectrum of bacteria including Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
Keywords: Organo-kaolinite, streptomycin, antibacterial agent
Invited speaker at 3rd International Conference of Materials Research Society of Indonesia (3rd MRS-id Meeting 2018), Aston Denpasar Hotel & Convention Center, Bali, Indonesia, 31 July – 2 August 2018.