Diabetes dan Tekanan darah tinggi – Bahagian 1

·       Jika anda mempunyai tekanan darah tinggi, ia bermakna bahawa darah anda sedang mengalir melalui jantung dan saluran darah anda dengan sukar atau terlalu banyak tekanan.

·       Tekanan darah tinggi tidak mempunyai gejala yang jelas dan ramai orang tidak sedar bahawa mereka sedang mengalaminya.

·       Mereka yang mempunyai tekanan darah tinggi mempunyai risiko strok dan penyakit Alzheimer.

 

Tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi, adalah suatu keadaan yang sering melanda mereka yang mempunyai diabetes jenis-2. Tidak jelas mengapa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kedua-dua penyakit, tetapi tanggapan meluas ialah obesiti, kandungan lemak tinggi, diet tinggi garam, dan malas bergerak aktif menjadi punca kepada peningkatan dalam kedua-dua keadaan.

 

Tekanan darah tinggi dikenali sebagai “pembunuh senyap” kerana ia tidak mempunyai gejala yang jelas dan ramai orang tidak sedar bahawa mereka mempunyainya. Satu kajian oleh Persatuan Diabetes Amerika (ADA) tahun 2013 mendapati bahawa kurang daripada separuh daripada pesakit yang mempunyai risiko penyakit jantung atau diabetes jenis-2 dilaporkan membuat pemeriksaan kesihatan, termasuk tekanan darah yang mudah dibuat.

 

Jika anda mempunyai tekanan darah tinggi, ia bermakna bahawa darah anda mengalir melalui jantung dan saluran darah anda dengan terlalu banyak tekanan atau sukar. Lama-kelamaan, tekanan darah tinggi akan menjadikan otot jantung lemah dan menjadi besar atau bengkak. Pada tahun 2008, 67% orang dewasa berumur 20 tahun yang menghidap diabetes dilaporkan mempunyai kadar tekanan darah melebihi 140/90.

 

Pada orang tanpa diabetes, bacaan tekanan darah 140/90 dianggap biasa, tetapi untuk pesakit diabetes jenis-2, doktor mengesyorkan bacaan yang lebih rendah, di bawah 135/80.

Nota: Nombor pertama (135) dipanggil tekanan sistolik; ia menunjukkan tekanan darah sewaktu dipam melalui jantung anda. Nombor kedua (80), yang dipanggil tekanan diastolik, adalah tekanan yang pada salur darah antara degupan jantung atau sewaktu jantung rehat. Kita perlu memeriksa tekanan darah sekurang-kurangnya 4 kali setahun, terutamanya pengidap diabetes/kencing manis.

Manual for Measuring Productivity

Improving Productivity Construction Industry

4. Improve communications.

Poor communication between supervisors and workers can result in unnecessary mistakes and redo work, causing productivity to suffer. With proper training, supervisors can learn how to communicate assignments to workers and ask the right questions to ensure they get it right the first time.

Improving Productivity Construction Industry

5. Take advantage of technology.

Web-based project management applications, scheduling software, and other technological innovations can boost productivity by speeding up communications, providing workers with the latest project information in real time and making the construction process more efficient.

Improving Productivity Construction Industry

6. Set realistic goals.

Performance-based incentives can be an effective tool for motivating workers and improving productivity. But it’s critical to set realistic goals. If workers feel that performance targets aren’t achievable, productivity may actually decline.

Improving Productivity Construction Industry

7. Pay attention to safety.

The most important reason to have a strong safety program is to prevent injuries. But good safety practices also reduce the delays and downtime associated with accidents on the job site.

Improving Productivity Construction Industry

8. Manage overtime.

Excessive overtime can result in fatigue, higher accident rates, absenteeism and worker turnover, all of which can hurt productivity. Proper planning, scheduling and supervision can help keep overtime to a minimum.Improving productivity is one of the most effective strategies a contractor can employ to boost its bottom line.

Increase profit margins by improving productivity

Here are methods how to increase productivity at construction site in order to increase the profit margins:

1. Coordinate effectively

The most important thing that construction company should always do is to completely analyze every single phase in the construction process in order to understand which are the points where productivity can be improved. They should start by measuring key factors and setting benchmarks. But all the analysis can be worth nothing if they do not have the right person to delegate the tasks. The company needs to find a way to motivate the workers and check if everything is going on according the plan, plus ensuring that the construction site would be completed in previously estimated time frame.

Increase profit margins by improving productivity

2. Track and measure progress

Essential of every implementing plan is to track and measure progress. As mentioned earlier, there have to be a person who will take care if the construction site to be done on time. For that goal to be achieved, supervisor should check daily what was done by the workers and complete weekly or monthly reports about it. These reports would enable company to measure the progress more accurately so there would be increased productivity through cost savings, improved quality work and more satisfied workers.

Increase profit margins by improving productivity

3. Improve efficiency by training the crew

An important element to improving productivity is increasing efficiency on the project by training the crew. Construction companies should always be ready to train their crew in order they could deliver higher quality of work. How to operate the new equipment is one of the skills that could immediately deliver results in productivity. Mastering skills through training is measurable benefit since the workers could better understand the new techniques that will deliver greater profits and cut the costs that will ultimately bring higher wages for them.