Content Validity

Content Validity is conducted by the experts in evaluating the relevance of items for each construct. Content Validity Index (CVI) approach: the method involving a group of participants and experts showed where each item on scale was relevant to the factor then...

Knowledge Culture

‘Knowledge must be acquired in order to become a good person (man / woman)’   (Source: Prof. Dr. Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud, 13 October 2016)

What is Research Paradigm?

Research paradigm helps to define the research with a basic set of beliefs that guide the researcher’s action. It permits the researchers to have guided approach on understanding and designing their research which will further help in shaping their research. The...

The Likert Scaling Method

There is an evidence that the reliability of the entire scale can be increased when each respondent could express his or her agreement or disagreement with every item using a five-point scale (Jenkins & Taber, 1977; Remmers & Ewart, 1941). Revilla, Saris &...