The Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, in conjunction with the Post Graduate Student Society (PGSS) and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), is proud to present the International Graduate Conference of Built Environment and Surveying (GBES 2023). This upcoming conference is an exceptional opportunity for attendees to acquire the latest industry and academic insights. Our aim is to share knowledge and best practices from a wide range of built environment disciplines. Furthermore, the conference will provide a unique avenue to showcase recent developments and identify emerging trends, laying the groundwork for future growth areas. As a result, attendees can look forward to exploring an abundance of opportunities to market their expertise and the latest innovations. Join us for GBES 2023 and be part of an unforgettable experience.
Malaysia Day is a public holiday held on 16 September every year to commemorate the establishment of the Malaysian federation on that date in 1963. This event saw Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore unite into a single state. Singapore, however, was expelled from the federation less than two years later, on 9 August 1965. Malaysia Day only became a public holiday in 2010 to celebrate Malaysia’s Sovereignty. Since then, there are many themes and special events around the Malaysia Day. It is also an opportunity to celebrate their patriotism and also the diverse background of Malaysia. There are also food festivals and other events organized that celebrate the diversity of the place.
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and Sun, by Earth’s rotation and by centrifugal force caused by Earth’s progression around the Earth-Moon barycenter.
Tidal range is the difference in height between high tide and low tide. Tidal range variation depends on time and location. It can vary based on the type of tide pattern at a location. Diurnal tides have one high tide and one low tide per day, while semidiurnal tides have two high tides and two low tides each day, roughly of equal height. Mixed tides are a combination of diurnal and semidiurnal patterns, resulting in unequal high and low tides.
Larger tidal range occur during spring tides (spring range), when the gravitational forces of both the Moon and Sun are aligned (at syzygy), reinforcing each other in the same direction (new moon) or in opposite directions (full moon). The largest annual tidal range can be expected around the time of the equinox if it coincides with a spring tide. Spring tides occur at the second and fourth (last) quarters of the lunar phases.
By contrast, during neap tides, when the Moon and Sun’s gravitational force vectors act in quadrature (making a right angle to the Earth’s orbit), the difference between high and low tides (neap range) is smallest. Neap tides occur at the first and third quarters of the lunar phases.
A tide gauge is an instrument used to measure and record the changes in sea level over time, particularly the rise and fall of tides in oceans, seas, and other bodies of water. Tide gauges are crucial tools for monitoring tidal patterns, studying coastal processes, assessing sea level changes, and providing data for navigation, environmental research, and disaster management. In Malaysia, these tidal data observation and prediction for coastal areas are conducted by Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM) and National Hydrographic Centre (PHN).
