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Dhinesh Sugumaran1,2 · William H. Blake2 · Geoffrey E. Millward2 · Zulkifli Yusop1,3 · Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff4 · Nur Athirah Mohamad1 · Anand Nainar5 · Kogila Vani Annammala1,3

1Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; 2Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; 3Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 4Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK; 5Department of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; 6Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia;
7Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh, UK; 8School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; 9South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP), Lahad Datu, Malaysia; 10Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Water Resources Management Section, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia and 11Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia

Abstract

1. There is a weak evidence base supporting the effective management of riparian ecosystems within tropical agriculture. Policies to protect riparian buffers—strips of non-cultivated land alongside waterways—are vague andvary greatly between countries.
2. From a rapid evidence appraisal, we find that riparian buffers are beneficial to hydrology, water quality, biodiversity and some ecosystem functions in tropical landscapes. However, effects on connectivity, carbon storage and emissions re-duction remain understudied. Riparian functions are mediated by buffer width and habitat quality, but explicit threshold recommendations are rare.

3. Policy implications. A one-size fits all width criterion, commonly applied, will be insufficient to provide all riparian functions in all circumstances. Context-specific guidelines for allocating, restoring and managing riparian buffers are necessary to minimise continued degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in tropical agriculture.

KEYWORDS

biodiversity, conservation set-aside, ecosystem function, environmental policy, riparian corridor, riparian reserve, river, water quality

Agriculture in Malaysia makes up to twelve percent of thenation’s GDP and is supplying one-third of the world rubber export. Ambitious agriculture demand increases the intensity of forest conversion which is driven to the soil erosion. Thus, this study is to measure and analyse the impact of forest conversion on soil erosion relate to some manipulated variables such as slope, bulk density, soil moisture, canopy openness and ground cover, where rainfall and soil type are constant within the sites. Two different land-uses of High Conservation Value Forest (HCVF) and Mature Rubber Plantation of Timber Latex Clone (MRP) were selected around Kelantan state, due to the high land conversion compared to the other states of West Malaysia. Ground height change was monitored by using Modified Laser Erosion Bridge (MLEB) in between 17 to 48 transects. The result found that the annual soil erosion rate was 76.12 t.ha-1.yr-1 for HCVF is higher compared to the MRP was 6.37 t.ha-1.yr-1. Terrace soil conservation technique is practiced for MRP helps in reducing soil movement resulted significant low erosion rate compared to the HCVF. The results indicate that even a relatively limited forest conversion can be assumed to have a significant effect on regional soil erosion rate.