The meaning of Constructive:

• Constructivist theory that learners using their own activity to construct their knowledge as interpreted through their own existing schemata

The definition of Alignment:

• Principle in curriculum theory that assessment tasks should be aligned to what it is intended to be learned, as in criterion referenced assessment

Steps on Constructive Alignment:

1. Program educational objectives (PEO)
2. Program learning outcomes (PLO)
3. Graduate attributes (GA)/ Graduate skills (GS)
4. Course learning outcomes (CLO)
5. Topic/ Unit learning outcomes (ULO)

* Adapted from BC4DCP course by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adibah