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Category Archives: Geotechnical Engineering
Consultation: Installation of Early Warning System for mud flow landslides at Gunung Pulai
Alhamdulillah the Early Warning System has been installed. Currently two stations consist of rain gauge and water level to record and collect the data. Both station controlled by a control box that monitor the rainfall and water level increment. If the any of the parameter been triggered which may lead to mud flow the warning light and siren will be activated to the public.
Lecture Notes- Soil Mechanics – Shear Strength
Lecture Notes: Soil Mechanics- Soil composition
Figure 1: Layered soil : A represents soil; B representslaterite, a regolith;C represents saprolite , a less-weathered regolith;the bottom-most layer represents bedrock.
Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and the countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Soil is a natural body called the pedosphere which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth’s atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.
Soil is called the “skin of the Earth” and interfaces with its lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.[1] The term pedolith, used commonly to refer to the soil, literally translates ‘level stone’. Soil consists of a solid phase (minerals and organic matter) as well as aporous phase that holds gases and water.[2][3][4] Accordingly, soils are often treated as a three-state system of solids, liquids, and gases.[5]
Soil is a product of the influence of the climate, relief (elevation, orientation, and slope of terrain), organisms, and its parent materials(original minerals) interacting over time.[6] Soil continually undergoes development by way of numerous physical, chemical and biological processes, which include weathering with associated erosion.
Most soils have a density between 1 and 2 g/cm3.[7] Little of the
soil of planet Earth is older than the Pleistocene and none is older than the Cenozoic,[8] although fossilized soils are preserved from as far back as the Archean.[9]
Soil science has two basic branches of study: edaphology and pedology. Edaphology is concerned with the influence of soils on living things. Pedology is focused on the formation, description (morphology), and classification of soils in their natural environment,.[10] In engineering terms, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose rock material that lies above the ‘solid geology’.[11] Soil is commonly referred to as “earth” or “dirt“; technically, the term “dirt” should be restricted to displaced soil.[12]
As soil resources serve as a basis for food security, the international community advocates for its sustainable and responsible use through different types of Soil Governance.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil
Click Here for Full Notes: 2014 August Chapter 1 – Introduction & Soil Composition (Revised)
Consultation: Installation of Early Warning System for mud flow landslides at Gunung Pulai
After several site visit, the team had managed to obtained data on the topography survey, hydrology, geotechnical and geology parameters . All the data will be used for design, analysis and verification on the positioning of the early warning system. The early warning system will enable, the park ranger and the public to be warned on the safety of park from potential mudflow landslides.
Protected: Lecture Notes Geotechnics 1 Chapter 4 – Slope Stability
Site Visit: Re Opening of Gunung Pulai, Johor
UTM Consultation and Research team from FKA has been appointed to investigate the potential to re open Gunung Pulai Reserve Park to public. The first proposal was accepted, for re opening of the park. To increase the safety of the public, currently the Johor Government has approved new budget to Install the Early Warning System for mud flood protection . The team consists of Geologists, Surveyors, Geotechnical Engineers and Hydrologist.
Mount Pulai (Malay: Gunung Pulai) is a mountain in Johor, Malaysia which is located about 19 km from Johor Bahru city.It is also the name of another mountain located in Baling, Kedah which is 600 metres tall. It takes approximately four hours to reach the peak of the mountain from the base.It is the main site that carries radio and television towards Johor Bahru and surrounding areas.
Lecture Notes Soil Mechanics Chapter 3 – Water in Soils
Water in soil
Soil acts as a sponge to take up and retain water. Movement of water into soil is called infiltration, and the downward movement of water within the soil is called percolation, permeability or hydraulic conductivity. Pore space in soil is the conduit that allows water to infiltrate and percolate.
In this topic we will learn and discuss on permeability, stresses in soil and flow net.
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- Flow net on Sheet pile
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- Vertical Stresses in soil
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- Soil Water System
CLICK BELOW FOR FULL NOTES
2014 August Chapter 3 – Influence of water in soil(Revised)
Source: 1. www3.geosc.psu.edu
2. http://osp.mans.edu.eg/geotechnical/Ch1%20B.htm
Protected: Lecture Notes Geotechnic 1 Chapter 3- Compressibility
Unanswered questions in unsaturated soil mechanics- SHENG DaiChao, ZHANG Sheng & YU ZhiWu
ABSTRACT
The last two to three decades have seen significant advances in the mechanics of unsaturated soils. It is now widely recognized that the fundamental principles in soil mechanics must cover both saturated and unsaturated soils. Nevertheless, there is still a great deal of uncertainties in the geotechnical community about how soil mechanics principles well-established for saturated soils can be extended to unsaturated soils. There is even wide skepticism about the necessity of such extension in engineering practice. This paper discusses some common pitfalls related to the fundamental principles that govern the volume change, shear strength and hydromechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils. It also attempts to address the issue of engineering relevance of unsaturated soil mechanics.
KEY QUESTIONS?
In particular, some basic questions are often raised on the fundamental principles that govern the hydromechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils and on the engineering relevance:
(1) Reconstituted soil versus compacted soil. What are the main differences in the hydromechanical behaviour of these soils? What are the implications of different pore size distributions (PSD), in constitutive modelling of unsaturated soils? Can a reconstituted soil become collapsible?
(2) Relationship between volume change, yield stress and shear strength. Can the constitutive equations for volume change, yield stress and shear strength be defined separately? Does the loading-collapse yield surface have to recover the apparent tensile strength surface? Do we need the suction-increase surface to capture possible plastic volume change when a soil is dried to a historically high suction? What are the implications of stress state variables in defining volume change and shear strength equations?
(3) Implications of using a Bishop effective stress. Can we use a Bishop-type effective stress in modelling unsaturated soil behaviour and what are the implications?
(4) Engineering relevance. What is the relevance of the unsaturated soil mechanics in engineering practice? Is a design based on the saturated soil mechanics always conservative? Considering the difficulty and uncertainty in measuring or monitoring in-situ suctions, the applicability of the unsaturated soil mechanics to engineering practice has also been questioned. These questions represent some of the most fundamental issues in unsaturated soil mechanics. There are currently no unified answers to these questions.