REUSABLE MACROPHYTES AND ALGAE FROM PHYTOREMEDIATION OF POME IN ANIMAL FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION
Abstract/Executive Summary
This study is to propose a new approach of combining macroalgae and macrophytes to improve phytoremediation from wastewater POME and then convert it as feedstock application at low-cost implementation and ease method. Based on the literature review, there is no research carried out in a combination of macroalgae and macrophytes for treating wastewater and converting the product into animal feedstock. This new approach can help the researcher will attempt to use POME and convert the waste into a wealth product. This research benefits for wastewater treatment due to zero chemical usage in terms of using micro and macroalgae species as the primary and secondary treatment (phytoremediation).
In this study, the application of macroalgae as mineral feed additives is proposed, aiming to increase the bioavailability of microelements from feed additives of biological origin, thereby increasing the microelement content in animal products (meat, eggs, milk) and moreover to improve the feed value and finally to increase the livestock productivity. The usage of macroalgae as feed additives is an inventive application of biotechnology in animal nutrition. The provision of animal feeds with enhanced nutritional quality improves the sustainability of animal production [8]. Out of all sources of microelements, the application of macroalgae as mineral feed additives could constitute an environmentally friendly and economically beneficial solution.
A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FLY ASH, NATURAL ZEOLITE AND CRUSHED COCKLES SHELLS IN TREATING POLLUTED RIVER WATER
Abstract/Executive Summary
The deterioration of the river is due to the point source pollution which is come from the nearby industries and the existing activities along the river also have contributed to the deterioration of the river itself. Lunchoo River which located at Mukim Plentong, Johor Bahru is selected as the case study and therefore, this research aims to implement a remediation process to treat polluted river by restoring its natural habitat and emphasizing the use of natural resources and materials for rehabilitation of the polluted river water. Coal fly ash containing high amount of aluminosilicates and it resembles with zeolite content and due to this characteristic, it is suitable to be used as adsorbents (Maria et al.,2012) and the effectiveness of fly ash in adsorbing pollutant will be compared to natural zeolite which is widely known its ability as adsorbents. Differs with fly ash and natural zeolite, the application of crushed cockles shells will proves it abilities in removing pollutant by not only absorbing the pollutant but also acting as the natural precipitators. The high content of lime in the shells has made a great impact since Jong-Hyeon et al.(2005), has proved that the removal capacity of the waste shell was higher than that of commercial limestone and lime and their application are mainly focusing on the purification of water. Thus, it is expected that these adsorbents will help to pollutants in the river and the diversity of the river will be increased by implementing the low-cost treatment at the river.
Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) BIOMASS BIO-BRIQUETTE as the new invention of low-cost altERNATive energy
Abstract/Executive Summary
Environmental sustainable energy sources, such as alternative fuel energy is important nowadays because of the depletion of non-renewable sources in the near future. Due to fast technological and industrial development including rapid urbanization, the demand for energy becomes higher and energy consumption has exceeded its development. Besides, the availability of agricultural waste for energy feedstock depends on the amount of crop production and always contradicted for food scarcity. One of the alternative green energy fuels recognized as commercial products is biomass briquette or bio-briquette. This briquette will be applied as biomass-coal co-combustion, presenting a near term, low risk, low-cost and sustainable renewable energy option that promises reduction of toxic gases during the burning processes. By biomass briquetting, the portion of biomass waste is fully utilized apart from being sent to landfill which will undergo decomposition process. One of the potential biomass energy resources for fuel and energy is believed from the water hyacinth, culture at any type of freshwater area. The rapid growth of water hyacinth absolutely can turn it into a valuable energy-based plant. Abundant and grossly underutilized sludge cake and empty fruit bunches (EFBs) from palm oil mills are the promising ingredients to be mixed with dried water hyacinth biomass. Since no other researcher utilizes their potential previously, the mixture is believed to increase the energy value (calorific value) required for the combustion process. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential of dried water hyacinth biomass in combination with waste from palm oil mill as the new alternative energy for being mixed with coal in a coal-based electrical power plants. The mixing of those co-briquettes gives great combustion properties and could alter the polluted gas and reduce the pricey charcoal material. Thus, a combination of water hyacinth and abundance of waste from palm oil mill can become an important renewable energy fuel source.
