STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FLY ASH, NATURAL ZEOLITE AND CRUSHED COCKLES SHELLS IN TREATING POLLUTED RIVER WATER
Abstract/Executive Summary
The deterioration of the river is due to the the point source pollution which is come from the nearby industries and the existing activities along the river also has contributed to the deterioration of the river itself. Lunchoo River which located at Mukim Plentong, Johor Bahru is selected as the case study and therefore, this research aims to implement a remediation process to treat polluted river by restore its natural habitat and emphasizing the use of natural resources and materials for rehabilitation of the polluted river water. Coal fly ash containing high amount of aluminosilicates and it is resembles with zeolite content and due to this characteristic, it is suitable to be used as adsorbents (Maria et al.,2012) and the effectiveness of fly ash in adsorbing pollutant will be compared to natural zeolite which is widely known its ability as adsorbents. Differs with fly ash and natural zeolite, the application of crushed cockles shells will proves it abilities in removing pollutant by not only adsorbing the pollutant but also acting as the natural precipitators. The high content of lime in the shells has made a great impact since Jong-Hyeon et al.(2005), has proved that removal capacity of waste shell was higher than that of commercial limestone and lime and their application are mainly focusing on the purification of water . Thus, it is expected that these adsorbents will helps to pollutant in the river and the diversity of the river will be increased by implementing the low cost treatment at the river.
EXTRACTION OF HEAVY METALS USING SEAWEED, AND BIOGAS SYNTHESIS FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) LANDFILL LEACHATE BY USING ANAEROBIC REACTOR
Abstract/Executive Summary
MSW landfill leachate is a serious environmental issue and being treated using various methods, mostly involving chemical treatment and combination of biological and chemical treatment. The issue in using biological treatment is the presence of heavy metals which would inhibit the action anaerobic bacteria. In this suggested study a complete biological method will be implied to treat it. The heavy metal in the MSW landfill leachate will be absorbed by using extract of Gracillaria sp. seaweed . It is their basic biochemical constitution that is responsible for this enhanced performance among biomaterials. Properties of cell wall constituents, such as alginate and fucoidan, are responsible for heavy metal absorption. After the extraction the pre-treated leachate will be subjected to anaerobic treatment by using anaerobic reactor which has 19L of effective volume (Figure1). The multi-stage anaerobic reactor consists of transparent identical cylindrical plexiglass compartment, and 160 mm internal diameter by 1100 mm height with head plate . Effluent from the reactor will flow by gravity to the effluent tank. In the reactor there is a temperature controller to maintain at 37°C. Peristaltic pumps will be used to control the influent feed rate to the first stage of the reactor system. Gas production will be monitored separately for each reactor using Opto-bubble counter. (Figure 2) Expected that seaweed treatment will remove the heavy metals; Cd 0.2-3.6 μg/L, Ni 28-84 μg/L, Zn 85-5310 μg/L, Cu 2-34 μg/L and Pb 0-16 μg/L. From the waste water treatment it is expected that 60 % of biogas will be produced.
