Abstract
The concept of learning from nature is a manifestation of constant observation and contemplation of nature which results from the close relationship between the Malay society and their surrounding. Among other things, they utilize the elements of certain animals to portray positive behaviors that should be emulated and negative behaviours that should be avoided. The study is aimed first, at discussing the reality of man and animal, and second focusing on the elements of animals that have been utilized to portray the human behavior and characteristics, which is meant for inculcating the education of moral and ethics to ensure the happiness and harmony in societal life. The content analysis approach is employed to study selected works of Raja Ali Haji (1808-1872), a renowned Malay scholar born in Riau Island, who composed magnum opus in multifarious disciplines including shariah, tasawwuf, ethics, language and literature, history and mirror of the prince. The findings show that the Malays in the Malay archipelago benefited many powerful lessons from the nature and consider it as their teacher in order to manifest the high moral standards in their life that is based on the Islamic worldview.
Keywords: Ethics, Malay, Raja Ali Haji
Abstrak
Penelitian dan penaakulan terhadap alam yang terzahir melalui hubungan akrab antara masyarakat Melayu dan alam mewujudkan konsep mengambil ibarat atau iktibar dan konsep berguru dengan alam.Antaranya mereka menggunakan unsur binatang tertentu bagi memberi gambaran tentang sifat positif yang wajar dilakukan atau negatif yang perlu dihindari. Kajian ini berobjektifkan untuk meneliti hakikat manusia dan binatang di samping memfokuskan kepada unsur-unsur binatang yang digunakan bagi menggambarkan perilaku sifat manusia yang bertujuan untuk menerapkan pendidikan adab dan akhlak bagi menjamin kesejahteraan dan keharmonian hidup bermasyarakat. Pendekatan analisis konten digunapakai bagi meneliti beberapa karya terpilih Raja Ali Haji (1808-1872), seorang pujangga kelahiran Riau yang terkenal sebagai ulama, yang menulis karya-karya agung dalam pelbagai disiplin ilmu termasuk syariah, tasawwuf, akhlak, bahasa, sejarah dan ilmu ketatanegaraan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa masyarakat Melayu Nusantara banyak mengambil iktibar dan berguru dengan alam bagi memanifestasikan ketinggian akhlak yang bertunjangkan kepada pandangan semesta Islam.
Kata kunci: Akhlak, Melayu, Raja Ali Haji
Journal of Humanities, Language, Culture and Business (HLCB) Vol. 1: No. 5 (September 2017) page 68-77 | www.icohlcb.com | eISSN: 01268147
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