street

By Shahabuddin Amerudin Introduction Urban planning is a multifaceted discipline that orchestrates the development and organization of cities to optimize functionality, sustainability, and livability. A fundamental component of urban planning is the design and configuration of street networks, which serve as the skeletal framework of urban spaces. Street networks not only facilitate transportation and connectivity but also profoundly influence land use patterns, economic activities, social interactions, and environmental outcomes (Hillier & Hanson, 1984; Marshall, 2005). The interplay between street network configurations and city populations is intricate, reflecting historical contexts, geographical constraints, and evolving urban development philosophies. This article delves into