An Overview of The Different Types of GIS Software Systems

By Shahabuddin Amerudin

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software systems have become an integral part of managing, analyzing, and visualizing geospatial data across various industries. With the increasing availability of data, it has become essential to have efficient and effective tools to process and analyze data. GIS software systems offer a wide range of functionalities and applications to manage, analyze, and visualize geospatial data.

There are several types of GIS software systems available, each designed to meet specific needs and requirements. The main types of GIS software systems include desktop GIS, server GIS software, web GIS, cloud GIS, mobile GIS, developer GIS, and others – raster-based, CAD-based, and middle tiers – database. Each type of GIS software system has its own set of features, advantages, and applications. In this article, we will explore each type of GIS software system in detail, highlighting its specific applications and features. Understanding the different types of GIS software systems can help organizations choose the right tool to manage and analyze geospatial data effectively.

An overview of the different types of GIS software systems:

1. Desktop GIS: Desktop GIS software systems are installed on a computer and are used to create, edit, analyze, and visualize geospatial data. They typically offer a wide range of tools and functionalities, including data processing, geocoding, spatial analysis, and map creation. Examples of popular desktop GIS software systems include Esri’s ArcGIS Desktop and QGIS.

2. Server GIS: Server GIS software systems are used to host and share geospatial data across a network. They enable users to access and analyze geospatial data from multiple locations and devices. Server GIS software systems are typically used in enterprise environments to manage and share large datasets. Examples of popular server GIS software systems include Esri’s ArcGIS Server and GeoServer.

3. Web GIS: Web GIS software systems allow users to access geospatial data through a web browser. They provide an interactive interface for users to view, analyze, and edit geospatial data. Web GIS software systems are used in a variety of applications, including real-time mapping, spatial data sharing, and crowdsourcing. Examples of popular web GIS software systems include Esri’s ArcGIS Online and Google Maps.

4. Cloud GIS: Cloud GIS software systems provide users with access to geospatial data and tools through a cloud-based platform. They enable users to work with geospatial data from anywhere with an internet connection and offer scalability and flexibility. Cloud GIS software systems are used in a variety of industries, including agriculture, urban planning, and disaster management. Examples of popular cloud GIS software systems include Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure.

5. Mobile GIS: Mobile GIS software systems are used to collect and analyze geospatial data in the field. They allow users to access and analyze data in real-time and provide location-based information. Mobile GIS software systems are used in a variety of applications, including wildlife management, disaster response, and asset management. Examples of popular mobile GIS software systems include Esri’s ArcGIS Mobile and Trimble’s TerraFlex.

6. Developer GIS: Developer GIS software systems provide developers with the tools and APIs to create customized GIS applications. They offer flexibility and customization options, allowing developers to create GIS applications tailored to specific needs. Examples of popular developer GIS software systems include Esri’s ArcGIS API for JavaScript and Mapbox SDKs.

7. Others – raster-based, CAD-based, and middle tiers – database: Raster-based GIS software systems are used to work with raster data, such as satellite imagery and digital elevation models. CAD-based GIS software systems are used to integrate GIS data with computer-aided design (CAD) data. Middle tier GIS software systems provide a bridge between desktop and server GIS software systems, allowing users to work with geospatial data from both environments. Database GIS software systems are used to store and manage geospatial data in a database format.

The different types of GIS software systems offer a range of functionalities and applications to manage, analyze, and visualize geospatial data. The choice of GIS software system depends on the specific needs and requirements of the user and their application.